1
CHAPTER
1
Introduction
-‐
Nature
of
the
Problem
The
connection
between
physical
activity
and
student
engagement
is
a
heavily
debated
topic
in
the
field
of
education.
The
health
benefits
of
physical
activity
are
well
documented
but
the
academic...
1
Support from the
C. Charles Jackson Foundation
has made this publication possible
and contributed to the projects showcased on these pages.
Considerable appreciation is due to
Dr. Bruce H. Jackson
Executive Director
brucehjackson@ gma il.com
For...
10
(2002) suggest that students must view reading as a pleasurable activity because
“children who dislike something may avoid it or give only partial attention to learning it,
although they have the self-confidence to learn lessons and attempt...
11
in their first language (L1); however, this is not always the case. Cooter (2006) describes the
American Idol star, Fantasia Barrino, who recently wrote a memoir entitled Life Is Not a Fairy
Tale (2005) that tells of her experiences as an...
11
on
physical
education
may
result
in
small
gains
in
academic
achievement
and
Grade
Point
Average.
Observations
show
a
positive
connection
between
academic
performance
and
physical
activity,
but
not
physical
fitness.
This
meaning
that
a
child’s
ph...
13
The
benefits
of
recess
are
more
apparent
with
lower-‐elementary
students
than
upper-‐elementary
students
because
young
children
need
more
breaks
throughout
the
day
than
older
children
in
order
to
process
information.
Due
to
the
cognitive
i...
14
in an environment that is nurturing and supports student success (Vaughn & Fuchs, 2003). The
National Research Council reiterates this thought when they write, “the nature and quality of
classroom literacy instruction are a pivotal force in...
17
Currently,
energizer
programs
are
being
designed
by
teachers
to
integrate
physical
activity
into
the
academic
curriculum.
One
example
is
the
Take
10!
Program.
Take
10!
is
a
classroom-‐based
physical
activity
program
designed
by
the
Internation...
18
discovery that emerged from this qualitative study were the differences in the amounts of literacy
activities that took place per hour. For example, even though these families were all from low-
SES backgrounds, researchers categorized them into...
18
McCabe, Margolis, & Barenbaum (2001) conducted a study that compared the Woodcock - Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised (WJ-R) and the QRI-II tests. The researchers discussed the importance of providing students with materials that were...
19
following
the
exercise.
The
researchers
for
this
experiment
suggested
that
physical
activity
might
increase
students’
cognitive
control
and
ability
to
pay
attention.
The
study
was
conducted
by
alternating
20-‐minute
periods
of
resting
or
wal...
22
Furthermore, Marinak and Gambrill have suggested that books as rewards for increased
reading are a gratifying, successful reward for students.
Specifically, when offering extrinsic rewards for reading, books are less
undermining to intrinsic...
22
There
are
many
trends
found
throughout
all
of
these
previous
studies.
First,
decreasing
or
eliminating
time
for
physical
activity
in
order
to
accommodate
for
other
academic
subjects
will
not
lead
to
improved
student
achievement.
Second,
increasing...
24
Procedures
The tasks completed in order to meet the goals of this study were to administer the
AIMSweb language arts curriculum-based measurements and the kindergarten teacher
questionnaire using the following procedures to ensure reliability...
25
INCLUSION:
IN
SERVICE
TRAINING
Teachers
can
encourage
a
feeling
on
inclusion
by
always
encouraging
students
to
work
together
in
diverse
groups,
not
condoning
negative
or
discriminatory
remarks,
and
allowing
each
child
to
shine
in
his
or
her
own
wa...
27
Learning clubs (book clubs, literature circles) should be deliberate and
specifically aimed at desired learning goals. To effectively motivate reluctant readers,
teachers must help students experience autonomy in selecting interesting...
29
INCLUSION:
IN
SERVICE
TRAINING
planned
workshop
took
place
after
school
in
the
training
room
at
Monroe
Elementary
School.
The
training
was
split
into
three
different
sessions,
with
each
session
being
approximately
one
hour.
The
workshop
was
closel...
29
reduce barriers. Teachers who were familiar with maintenance people were able to solicit
their input for planting opportunities (Coffee & Rivkin,1998). An obtained copy of the
physical plans for schools helped to avoid utility lines and other...
29
support those struggling students.
Procedures
To complete this study, the researcher developed a math homework tracker to
obtain a better idea of what is being done at home to support students in day to day
learning objectives. This tracker was...
30
Appendix D. Appendix E contains a display of projects created or collected for the Master
Project.
The researcher anticipated completion of this creative project during the fall semester of
2010. A summary of the tasks required to complete this...