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Display: 20

    • Page 32

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    • 26 One of the co-authors of Treasures is Dr. Jana Echevarria, a professor of educational psychology who specializes in bilingual education and is an expert in teaching ELLs. Echevarria (2005) stated, “In order to tailor instruction appropriately,...
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    • Page 33

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    • 27 that curriculum standards are taught and students are prepared for end-of-level tests, such as the CRTs. However, if educators recognize that another priority of teaching should be to learn about the HLEs, home communities, and the cultural...
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    • Page 38

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    • 32 perspective about the HLEs of ELLs from low-SES families. The instruments used to collect data for this study are located in Appendices A through D. The tasks that were completed in sequential order to accomplish the purpose of the...
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    • Page 40

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    • 34 Chapter 4 Results Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used for data collection in this research project to answer questions about the high degree of variability in HLEs among ELLs from low-SES families. Investigative measures,...
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    • Page 41

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    • 35 Table 2 Home Visit Comparison Chart High-Literate ELL Home Visits Low-Literate ELL Home Visits All families were nuclear. There were more single-parent families than nuclear families. At least one parent spoke both English and Spanish...
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    • Page 42

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    • 36 give it a pleasing color. Children in the neighborhood are laughing and playing and do not seem to mind using the road for a playground. Upon entering the home, Miguel shouts, “¡Mama, la maestra esta aquí! La maestra esta aquí!” In this...
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    • Page 44

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    • 38 boyfriend lives with the family in the home. Maria has two little sisters that she helps tend. Maria’s real dad lives in Texas and was very abusive to Maria’s mom in the past. Maria’s maternal grandma lives in St. George and Maria’s mom...
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    • Page 45

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    • 39 company. Dad explains that he works hard so that his children can one day go to college. “Tengo sueños todo el tiempo que mis hijos algún día ir a la universidad.” He dreams all the time that his children will one day go to college. If...
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    • Page 46

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    • 40 and a mix of English and Spanish to their parents. Alma’s mom recognizes the value of acquiring two languages and has learned English through her children. She has also learned English through her job and finds it an asset to speak English...
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    • Page 49

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    • 43 home. Both high and low ELLs received homework help from family members on a regular basis, which included parents, cousins, aunts, and grandparents. These averages were based on a 5-point scale: never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, most of the...
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    • Page 50

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    • 44 Table 4 Which Family Members Read to You? Grandparent Brother Sister Aunt/Uncle Cousin Other High ELL 25% 13% 25% 13% 13% Low ELL 13% 13% 25% 38% In Table 5, the percentages of literacy activities in the home from the parents’ perspective are...
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    • Page 51

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    • 45 Quantitative Data: Language and Literacy in the School All of the high ELLs preferred to speak only English with their peers at school. More than half of low ELLs preferred to speak both English and Spanish (see Table 6). The majority of low...
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    • Page 52

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    • 46 column 2, the averages of parents visiting the public library was measured on a 4-point scale: never = 1, once per year = 2, once per month = 3, once per week = 4. Parents of high ELLs go to the family center more often and are 69% more likely...
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    • Page 53

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    • 47 ELL parents. Table 9 presents averages of ELL parents’ attitudes toward literacy. Both columns 1 and 2 were measured on a 4-point scale: do not like it at all = 1, it is okay = 2, I like it = 3, and I love it = 4. In general, both sets of...
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    • Page 56

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    • 50 Chapter 5 Discussion This chapter is outlined by first revisiting the problem and issues and why they are important to this final discussion. Next, the similarities and differences between the results of this study and that of others are...
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    • Page 59

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    • 53 English classes. Parents with low-literate children spoke only their native Spanish during the home visit interview and never mentioned that they were learning English. All parents interviewed for the home visits were either from Mexico or...
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    • Page 60

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    • 54 century students experience literacy, especially linguistically diverse students from low-SES households. Nearly every parent marked they had a home computer with access to the Internet, and more than half the students marked that they used...
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    • Page 61

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    • 55 from a variety of schools within Washington County School District, or even within the entire state of Utah, were beyond the scope of this investigation but would have helped to add more insight with the results. Practical Significance Because...
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    • Page 74

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    • 68 Appendix C Parent and Student Surveys in English and Spanish Parent Survey Purpose: Ms. Berglund would like to improve her teaching practices by connecting and relating to literacy experiences in the home and community. Please fill out this...
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    • 69 11. Do siblings in the home help each other with homework assignments? Yes No 12. What types of reading materials do you have in the home? (Circle all that apply) Magazines Church literature Newspapers Books Other (Specify) 13. Where do you...
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