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    • 1 4 4. What are some important points to remember about teaching spelling? The key points addressed are spelling must be taught, it must be individualized to meet the needs of the students and it must be taught across the curriculum. Teachers...
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    • 16 promoting daily environmental learning” (Blair, 2009, p. 34). A 2000 study conducted in Florida concluded that “students in all types of gardens had high responsibility scores, indicating that all students possessed a sense of...
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    • 19 nature and environmental issues and relationships (Garcia-Ruiz, 2009, p. 34). “Personal experience and observation of nature [were] the building blocks for classroom enrichment. Gardens ground[ed] children in growth, and decay, predator-prey...
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    • 1924, when the Company was formed. The Water Company is of the opinion t h a t , if water was properly managed with no waste, t h e r e would be sufficient water f o r 10,000 people. Attorney lsom stated t h a t the law still remains the same. May...
    • Evelyn and York Jones Books
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    • 20 nine percent increase in enthusiasm for studying math (Winters, Ring, and Burriss, 2010, p. 248-H). “Researchers found that enthusiasm for learning, standardized test scores, and GPAs were higher in ninety-two percent of the comparisons-...
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    • 21 that students who were exposed to recess were much more on task and less fidgety (Schachter, 2005). Another study conducted in Massachusetts involving 300 fourth-­‐grade students discovered that students who participated in 56 or more hours of...
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    • 23 supported the idea that growing food helps children make better food choices, which has been a growing need with the rise of childhood obesity rates. In 2008 approximately seventeen percent of children and adolescents aged two to nineteen years...
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    • 25 experiential learning basis, have been proposed as a method to reinforce nutrition education because youth who plant and harvest their own produce are more likely to eat it” (Beckman, Smith, 2008, p. 12). The 2008 study conducted by Beckman...
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    • 26 contest. This study found that ninety-seven percent of the school gardens were used primarily for environmental education. Barriers to School Gardens Barriers to school gardens were obstacles that stood in the way, limited or slowed school...
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    • 27 associated with the integration of school gardens within the school system” (Graham, Zidenberg-Cherr, 2005, p. 1797). In this study “teachers noted that the greatest barrier to using the garden for academic instruction was time. Other...
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    • 28 greatest percentage of responses shows that teachers are responsible for the garden” (Graham, Beall, Lussier, McLaughlin, & Zidenberg-Cherr, 2005, p. 150). Lack of curriculum materials linked to academic standards was significant barrier to...
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    • 29 reduce barriers. Teachers who were familiar with maintenance people were able to solicit their input for planting opportunities (Coffee & Rivkin,1998). An obtained copy of the physical plans for schools helped to avoid utility lines and other...
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    • 31 Instrumentation Questionnaires, language arts scores from end-of-level CRTs, UALPA scores, free and reduced lunch data (Title I), and ethnographic case studies were used to examine the connections between home-literacy environments and literacy...
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    • 32 Teachers strongly agreed that there [was] a need for multiple resources, such as curriculum linked to instruction, teacher training for gardening and its connection to curriculum, and lessons on teaching nutrition in the garden… the pressure...
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    • 4 0 References Bear, D. R., Invernizzi, M., Templeton, S., & Johnston, F. (2004). Words their way: word study for phonics, vocabulary, and spelling instruction (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall. Burkhart, J. L....
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    • 46 References Al Otaiba, S., Kosanovich-Grek, M., Torgesen, J., Hassler, L., & Wahl, M. (2005). Reviewing core kindergarten and first-grade reading programs in light of No Child Left Behind: An exploratory study. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 21(4),...
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    • 49 Pellegrini, A., Huberty, P., & Jones, I. (1995). The effects of recess timing on children's playground and classroom behaviors. American Educational Research Journal, 32(4), 845-­‐ 864. Pica, R. (2006). A running start: How play, physical activ...
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    • 50 University of Illinois at Urbana-­‐Champaign. (2009). Physical activity may strengthen children’s ability to pay attention. Retrieved on October 15, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily. com/releases/2009/03/090331183800.htm U.S. Department of...
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    • 59 Learning Theories Knowledgebase. (2010). Social Development Theory (Vygotsky) at Learning-Theories.com. Retrieved October 10th, 2010 from http://www.learning-theories. com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. (2006)....
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    • 65 Lack of time for educators to use a school garden as a teaching tool was a supported barrier to school gardens by this research. Graham, Beall, Lussier, McLaughlin, & Zidenberg-Cherr (2005) found lack of time as a major barrier. This finding was...
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